STOP COMPARING YOURSELF TO OTHERS!

“When you stop comparing yourself to others, you can achieve great things”

                                                                              - Wheelchair athlete Dean Furness –

 

It's natural to compare ourselves to others, but the problem comes when we obsess over our shortcomings. Constantly comparing yourself to others has major flaws. It lowers our self-esteem and we start to feel bad about ourselves.

We seem to be measured almost all our lives. When we were babies with our heights and weights, and as we grew, it became our speed and our strength. And even at school, there are test results and today with our salaries and job performance. It seems as if these personal averages are almost always used to measure where we are compared to our peers. And I think we should look at it a little differently. That personal average is just that, it's something very personal and it's for you, and I think if you focus on that and work to build it, you can really start to achieve some really amazing things.

So when you're comparing yourself to everyone else, remember that these people aren't perfect... no one is. They don't have it all figured out. They also have bad times and don't always look that great, but you don't usually see that side.
So the next time you start comparing yourself to others, remember that we are all human and go through the same good times and bad times as everyone else.

If you feel like everyone around you has more than you or what you think is a great life, just know that YOUR life is not going to get better by being bitter.Be thankful for what you DO have and the great qualities you DO have. Then focus on what you CAN do to get to the life you deserve and what you will achieve if you keep going for it. Just don't do it because someone else has it.

Everyone has something they struggle with and it can be seen, maybe not, but take a little time and focus on yourself instead of others and then you can win more challenges and really start so many great things.

The World of Programming Paradigms

 

The World of Programming Paradigms

First of all, let’s know about what a computer program is. You all know a computer program is a set of instructions that are arranged in a structured way. It performs specific tasks when it is executed by the computer. According to history, with the Von Neumann computer architecture, the stored program concept was introduced. Actually, it is the inception of modern computers. In the early stages, programmers used machine language to write programs (binary) that can be directly understood by the computer. However, with the expansion of user needs it is very hard to write with machine language. To solve that problem machine language emerged. But after years of time, it became very difficult to debug programs in assembly language. With time programmers tried to find better solutions for these problems.    

What is a paradigm?

Let’s clarify this using an example. A long time ago, scientists thought that there are only atomic particles and they can’t divide furthermore. But after years and many experiments, they discovered that there are also subatomic particles existing in nature. When looking at this example we can identify that atomic theory is one paradigm and subatomic theory is another paradigm. In this case, atomic theory shifted to subatomic theory. Now you can understand paradigm is a set of interrelated theories, perceptions, concepts, and practices within the community about a subject at a particular time, it is a set of generally accepted scientific achievements and models that defines how to look at problems and how to solve them. With the time, community starts to criticize it and emerge a new paradigm. This process is known as a paradigm shift. This shifting takes a long time to change with the understanding drawbacks of exiting system.

 

1.         1. Programming paradigms 

A programming paradigm is a way to classify programming languages according to their features and ways of performing tasks. Programming languages can be classified into multiple paradigms. However, mainly two different paradigms are evolved with time.

 

1.1  Imperative Programming paradigm-

·         Oldest and most traditional paradigm in the world.

·         Developed with the emergence of the machine and assembly language.

·         Main feature is a sequence of explicit commands.

·         User must write the command correctly and feed it into the computer.

 

1.1.1        Procedural Programming

·    Basic concept of the procedural call.

·    Contain a series of computational steps to be carried out.

·    Examples are FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/I, and BASIC.

 

1.1.2        Object-Oriented Programming

·    Based on the concept of ‘objects’ which can contain data and code.

·  Computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another.

·   Some Object-Oriented languages are Java, C++, C#, Python, R, PHP, VB.NET, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, SIMSCRIPT, Object Pascal, Smalltalk, MATLAB, etc.

 

 

1.2  Declarative programming paradigm.

·         Focus on the end result.

·         Can be divided into two types.

 

1.2.1    Functional Programming Paradigm

·    Programs are constructed by applying and composing functions.

·   Function definitions are trees of expressions that map values to other values rather than a sequence.

·    Functions are treated as first-class citizens.

 

1.2.2    Functional logic programming language

· Designed to handle symbolic computation and list processing applications.

·    Includes both functional and logical concepts.

·  Popular functional programming languages are Lisp, Python, Erlang, Haskell, Clojure, etc.

 

2.      2. Database management language paradigm 

This is a type of declarative programming language for creating and controlling database systems. Mainly there are two kinds of paradigms.

           

            2.1     Structured Query Language (SQL)

The relational database includes tables, relations between tables, and schemas. A few examples of the SQL languages are MySQL, MS SQL Server, Oracle.

           2.2      NoSQL

NoSQL has a dynamic schema for unstructured data, and data is stored in many ways. NoSQL can create documents without having to first define their structure and each document has its own unique structure. The syntax can vary from database to database.

 

 

3.      3. Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm

 

OOP is derived from the imperative paradigm and OOP concepts. OOP is not a language. A feature of objects is that an object's own procedures can access and often modify its data fields. OOP is writing programs considering objects and their relationships. Template for and object in programming is called class.

 

 

4.    4. Parallel Programming

Running Programs simultaneously with a multi-processor has less processing time than running programs with a single processor. Using parallel programming in C is important to increase the performance of the software.

Kalana Minipuraarachchi

BSE(UG) OUSL

Nano Technology

Do you know what Is Nanotechnology?

        When talking about nano technology, Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the Nano scale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometres.

        Nano science and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

        The ideas and concepts behind Nano science and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultra-precision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunnelling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.

 It’s hard to imagine just how small nanotechnology is. One nanometre is a billionth of a meter, or 10^-9 of a meter. 

        Nano science and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies.

        But something as small as an atom is impossible to see with the naked eye. In fact, it’s impossible to see with the microscopes typically used in a high school science classes. The microscopes needed to see things at the Nano scale were invented in the early 1980s.

        Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of nanotechnology was born.

        Although modern Nano science and nanotechnology are quite new, Nano scale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and silver particles created colours in the stained glass windows of medieval churches hundreds of years ago. The artists back then just didn’t know that the process they used to create these beautiful works of art actually led to changes in the composition of the materials they were working with.

        Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the Nano scale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.

 

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